Compilation of Online Resources on Language and Literacy Programs Research Paper

Compilation of Online Resources on Language and Literacy Programs - Research Paper Example These skills would help the child or the adult to become a more competent person in the society. There are certain disabilities which can also impair the learning and reading capabilities of the children. Measures have also been taken to address such needs. English literacy and its learning have evolved as an important aspect in modern day times. There are also instances where steps have been taken to improve the English learning capabilities of the immigrants and the families coming from the low economic back grounds. Special emphasis has been shown in some countries to develop the learning and literacy levels of the families of young children to help them learn the vocabulary and logical skills in a better and fast manner. Special trainings are given to the volunteers who conduct such trainings. Title- Teacher Education (School-based programs) URL- http://graduate.lclark.edu/departments/teacher_education/current_teachers/reading/ Annotation - Teacher Education is a school-based pro gram in language and literacy. Lewis & Clark’s Language and Literacy Program has been developed to provide an exhaustive view of the literacy for reading and writing programs in the schools. The course of the study emphasizes on the notion that language with its all richness consisting of the different forms and functions, forms the foundation from which a literacy program can evolve. The courses that are in the Language and Literacy Program leads to Reading Endorsement and allows the person to teach reading in all the four levels beginning with early childhood, the elementary level, the middle section and the high school. The program requires on an average 14-15 semester hours and approximate 18 months in part-time study. Title - Rural Language & Literacy Connections (Rural LLC) (School-based programs) URL - http://r2ed.unl.edu/research_programs/research_rural_literacy.shtml Annotation - Rural Language and Literacy Connections (Rural LLC) is learning and literacy program aim ed at the school levels. It is a unique method that has been designed in order to create an intensive form of literacy-based learning program targeting the rural, low-income based children living in Nebraska. The main aims of the Rural LLC are to enhance the oral language capacity of the young children, their phonological awareness, improving the efficiency of the early childhood professionals found in preschools and in the additional child care settings in order to support the future reading. The primary emphasis that is observed in the program is put on the preschool settings that are mostly center-based. Title - DOORWAY INTO PRACTICAL LITERACY (DIPL) (School-based programs) URL - http://www.dipl.com.au/ Annotation- DOORWAY INTO PRACTICAL LITERACY or DIPL is a language and literacy program that is aimed at the children in schools. It is a complex language technique that aims at making both teaching along with learning literacy more fun and thus effective. DIPL has been formed in a way that it can be used for daily classroom use. DIPL incorporates spelling, the reading skills, basic grammar, punctuation and auditory forms in a sequential program that would cater to all learners. DIPL has developed and uses different phonological skills in its areas of literacy. Title - Workplace English Language & Literacy (WELL) (Community-based programs) URL - http://www.ibsa.org.au/news-and-projects/workplace-english-language-and-literacy-well.aspx Annotation - Workplace Engli

Henry VIIIs Foreign Policy 1509-1524 Essay Example for Free

Henry VIIIs Foreign Policy 1509-1524 Essay How far do Sources 1, 2 and 3 suggest that Henry VIIIs Foreign Policy in the years 1509-1524 followed consistent aims? Source 1 agrees that Henrys did follow consistent aims and Henry VIII had one goal target in his foreign policy whilst sources 2 and 3 especially, argues that Henry but could not agree one goal to pursue involving foreign policy. Source 1 in particular claims that Henry poured much dedication and time into ensuring that England went to war against France. The king writes letters to the pope, the emperor and the Venetians declaring his steadfast intention and strong provision to wage war against France suggesting that Henry VIIIs main goal was to attack France as he repeats his exact intentions to three separate individuals. This is reiterated in source 2 as Henry VIII is described to be accompanied by 500 horsemen and 3000 foot soldiers during the Field of Cloth of Gold showing aggression and building tension between the two rivals suggesting that King Henry was keen in causing tension so that it will lead to waging a war against France. We can see King Henry strongly suggesting that he consistently wanted to defeat the French as he writes to the Venetians to try and disband the newly formed league between Venetia and France. As the Milanese ambassador is writing at the time these letters had been sent he carries alot of weight with Source 1 as it clearly states the purpose of the letters and they lead to one clear goal which is to invade France. Source 3 shows Cromwell trying to persuade Henry to go against his plans to take over France but to redirect his attentions to Scotland. Cromwell suggesting that Henry converts first and chief his whole intent and purpose suggests that Henry was so determine to wage war against France he did not think about other issues to do with his Foreign Policy and Cromwell needed to remind him of budding problems. However Source 3 also suggests that Henry was lenient in his decisions about foreign policies as, even though Cromwell at this time is trying to work his way into the inner council and was desperate to gain the attentions of the King, felt the King was not so desperate in going against France that he was able to suggest the King redirects his attention to Scotland whilst still pleasing the King and trying to achieve honour. Source 2 also suggests that the King was not so rivalled with France as a contemporary account shows that Henry pitched his marquee near where the French king had been staying, although this could be seen as showing off and is multifaceted it can also be seen as Henry trying to break down the existing barriers to focus on the celebration of the Field of the Cloth of Gold. Overall, there is enough agreement in all three sources to suggest that Henry VIIIs foreign policy in the years 1509-1524 followed consistent aims. This is a view most strongly and optimistically supported by source 1, slightly confirmed by the accounts described in source 2 but largely denied by source 3.

Agent orange in Vietnam: Effects and remediation

Agent orange in Vietnam: Effects and remediation ABSTRACT Many types of herbicides were used during the Vietnam War for the purpose of destroying the forests, where Vietnamese soldiers sheltered. Among them, the chemical that was used the most and most hazardous was Agent Orange. This paper, based on secondary research, will discuss some main issues of Agent Orange in Vietnam. In particular, three facets are mentioned, including the effects of Agent Orange on the environment and human in Vietnam, the manner of overcoming its consequences and the struggle for justice for Agent Orange sufferers. Overall, the paper draws the conclusion that the remediation of Agent Orange effects is gradually carried out, but it requires a lot of time and manpower to basically clean-up the remainder of the toxic. Agent Orange In Vietnam: Effects And Remediation Introduction. In Vietnam War, the U.S. Army used a chemical substance called Agent Orange to reveal Vietnam soldiers’ cover and shelters during their chemical warfare in Vietnam. Agent Orange is a name of the herbicide established for military, which contains a dangerous chemical contaminant called dioxin. Dioxin in Agent Orange is a highly toxic and it can cause disabilities, birth defects, diabetes and even cancer. The main purpose of using this deadly substance is to destroy dense terrain in jungles, where Vietnam Armies may be hiding; and to devastate Vietnam’s vegetation and sources of food. It is noteworthy that Agent Orange was sprayed up to about 50 times concentration recommended by manufacturers for eliminating plants in agriculture. The Agent was sprayed over South Vietnam by trucks, boats, infantryman backpack sprayers, and mostly by cargo aircrafts. In fact, not only the environment was destroyed, but human who exposed to the chemical could also be associated with seriou s health issues. It affected both Vietnamese people, and U.S Army veterans, who directly spread this substance into environment. This paper discusses the tremendous impacts of Agent Orange on environment as well as on people in Vietnam, how to remedy its consequences and describes the struggle for justice for Agent Orange victims. Effects of Agent Orange in Vietnam. Effects of Agent Orange on environment. For the first time in human history, a kind of noxious herbicide was used on a large scale in Southern Vietnam, and it caused severe consequences for the ecological environment. In fact, about 72 liters of herbicides (include 44 liters of Agent Orange) was sent out by U.S Army. 86% of the toxic was sprayed directly onto forest land, while 14% remaining was sprayed straight onto agriculture land, where mostly planted rice (H.T 2005). Such enormous amount of these fatal herbicides had created many terrific impacts on environment in Vietnam. From 1965 to 1971, the U.S Military sprayed Agent Orange over approximately 24% of Southern Vietnam, at least 5 million acres of forests and 500,000 acres of crops were destroyed (Vo, cited in Joseph 2011), corresponding to 12% of forest cover and 5% of arable land in total area (H.T 2005). As said by Stellman (cited in Vo 2009, unpub.), they sprayed the herbicide repeatedly in high concentrations, which comprised 3-4 mg/l, much higher than in circumstance of large-scale production and emergency. As a result, this chemical toxin had killed trees, animals, caused ecological imbalance and did great damage to forest resources. The abundant rainforest ecosystem completely vanished, and replaced by a ragged ecosystem. Various types of forests and natural resources in Southern Vietnam were influenced. Animals’ natural habitat was also heavily affected. A lot of plants in forests died and this led to the depletion of genetic resources of a number of rare species. The use of Agent Orange and some else herbicides in Vietnam War had devastated vast areas of forests, which is a very essential basis for stable development of Vietnam. Besides the ecosystem, the soil was also contaminated as a result of the herbicides. The nutrient composition of the soil was damaged and the topsoil became exhausted. When the forests were exterminated, the soil would no longer be covered, and this brought about soil erosion. Research have pointed out that 3.3 million hectares of natural land, including 2 million hectares of domestic forest land were affected by herbicides. In many large areas, land has not been able to be used for cultivation and grazing livestock because the toxic have absorbed deeply into the soil. Since the contaminant dioxin is not broken down quickly and easily in soil, even today, traces of dioxin are still found in soil in many parts of Southern Vietnam. Effects of Agent Orange on human. A. Schecter J. Constable wrote that â€Å"There is no doubt that during and after the war, many Vietnamese absorbed this very toxic material (dioxin). It is our belief from toxicological research and epidemiological studies from many countries that this dioxin probably resulted in significant health effects in Vietnam.† Dioxin, even with infinitesimal amounts could seriously damage human’s health and reduce the lives of people exposed to it as well. In fact, dioxin can cause a great deal of diseases, such as Hodgkin’s disease, mental disorders, soft-tissue sarcoma, diabetes and several kinds of cancer (Martin 2009). Additionally, there is a potential that it can create several legacies for future generations. According to War Legacies Project (Dwernychuk et al. n.d.), herbicides, including Agent Orange had compromised about 4.5 million Vietnamese civilians and 2.8 million U.S veterans. Among them, it is estimated by the Vietnamese Red Cross that up to 3 million Vietnamese have suffered health effects and 150,000 children were born with birth defects (Fawthrop, 2004). The truth is there are so many people were killed by Agent Orange that there are not any firm statistics of the number of people died after exposing to this chemical toxic. With people who survived in the chemical warfare, dioxin would exist in their body for at least 10-12 years. Consequently, their offspring might be at risk of legacies, although they were born many years after war and far from battlefields. There are some kinds of birth defects namely cleft lip, cleft palate, fused digits, muscle malformations and paralysis; and some developmental disabilities as stated by NAS (cited in Dwernychuk et al. n.d.). More dangerous, plants and animals, which are sources of human’s food might consumed dioxin in soil and water, then the toxic may enter bodies through food chain, destroying human from cells. In short, the consequences of Agent Orange/Dioxin are enormous, long lasting and not been thoroughly studied. For those reasons, there have not been any ways to overcome its effects completely and swiftly. Remediation of the consequences of Agent Orange. Process of overcoming Agent Orange’s effects on environment and human. To surmount the consequences of Agent Orange/Dioxin in Vietnam, it requires both effort from this country and the U.S government. The very first thing needed is starting an afforestation program to green the area destroyed by Agent Orange. Scientists have planted rapidly growing trees to create the necessary coverage for bare land, and then they intercropped native plants to recover the featured ecosystem. Furthermore, a project called â€Å"Training for local human resources to restore forest ecosystem and reuse of degraded land due to the effects of toxic chemicals during the war† was launched with the financial support from Ford Foundation (Vo 2009). On the U.S Government’s side, they have also launched a project to clean up Agent Orange in Vietnam. Accordingly, they are providing $43 million to diminish the contamination degree in an area of 73,000 meters square from 2013 to 2016 (Ho, cited in Perry 2012). A decontamination clean-up site was established in Da Nang to allow the clean-up and Vietnam and the United States are looking at new sites in Dong Nai and Binh Dinh in the near future. Both of the two nations also hope to reach the target of fundamentally resolving the aftermath of Agent Orange/Dioxin by 2020. Besides, addressing health issues is also an integral part on the way eradicating Agent Orange/Dioxin in Vietnam. A report in the Make Agent Orange History (2012) revealed that in an effort to remedy health effects, Vietnamese government makes a grant of about $40 million each year to Agent Orange victims. The Vietnam Red Cross has also raised a donation of more than $22 million to assist Vietnamese affected by the toxic herbicides. Likewise, the Ford Foundation, UNICEF along with other organizations and contributors has given $39.1 for health care and other services for the sufferers. An amount of $40.1 million had also been distributed for remediation and health programs by the U.S Congress The struggle for justice for Agent Orange victims. For many years, Vietnam has tried to require the U.S government to take responsibility for environmental and health consequences of Agent Orange used in Vietnam. Nevertheless, the negotiations are still not getting anywhere. As a consequence, a group of Vietnamese scientists decided to sue 39 chemical companies and those people who responsible in a number of courts in America (Dinh 2005). However, the lawsuits were judged unfairly and all dismissed. Although did not achieve the goal, the lawsuit has helped many people around the world have a closer look at the tragedy of Agent Orange. In the meantime, Vietnamese community has launched a campaign to appeal for the support from people around the world by collecting signatures. Fortunately, public opinion is supporting the lawsuit very strongly. The more good news is, in 2009, the Tribunal of Conscience concluded that the using Agent Orange of the U.S government is a war crime against humanity and a genocide crime human and environment and Vietnam. Accordingly, the U.S government and 39 chemical companies must take full responsibility and compensate the victims of Agent Orange (Hoang 2009). That is the biggest success so far of the Vietnam Association of Vi ctims of Agent Orange so far. However, the struggle to find justice for the victims is still challenging. Vietnamese people have to be persistent, thus, it requires the help of millions of people to heal the â€Å"Orange Pain†. Conclusion The above analysis has pointed out a great deal of massive consequences of Agent Orange on both the environment and human in Vietnam. Numerous negative effects caused by this chemical toxic still remain until now and they are likely to continue to exist in many, many years. Meanwhile, the process of overcoming the consequences is still carried out step by step by Vietnam, along with the help of the USA as well as many other organizations. What is more, the fight for the rights of casualties also has achieved certain success. However, these are the very first steps. In order to completely eliminate the effects of Agent Orange, this process need a lot more time and effort as well as the assistance of millions, even billions of people around the world. REFERENCES Dinh Vuong 2005, ‘Và ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥ kià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡n cà ¡Ã‚ »a cà ¡c nà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡n nhà ¢n chà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢c da cam/Dioxin Vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t Nam Hà  nh trà ¬nh Ä‘Ã ²i cà ´ng là ½Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, Khoa Hoc Phap Ly Magazine, vol. 3, viewed 22 February, 2014. Dwernychuk, W Bailey, C., n.d.,‘Health effects of Agent Orange/Dioxin’, War Legacies, viewed 15 February, 2014, http://www.warlegacies.org/health.htm. Fawthrop, T. 2004, ‘Vietnams War against Agent Orange’, BBC News story, viewed 18 February, 2014, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3798581.stm. H.T, 2005, ‘Chà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢c mà  u da cam huà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ · dià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t mà ´i trÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ng à ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸ Vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t Nam nhÆ ° thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿ nà  o?’, Khoahoc, viewed 12 February, 2014, http://www.khoahoc.com.vn/doisong/moi-truong/tham-hoa/606_Chat-doc-mau-da-cam-huy-diet-moi-truong-o-Viet-Nam-nhu-the-nao.aspx. Hoang Nghia 2009, ‘Toà   à ¡n LÆ °Ãƒâ€ Ã‚ ¡ng tà ¢m Nhà ¢n dà ¢n thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿ già ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi: Cà ´ng là ½ là   lÆ °Ãƒâ€ Ã‚ ¡ng tri nhà ¢n loà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡i’ [online] Available at URL: http://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn/Home/Binh-luan/2009/1887/Toa-an-Luong-tam-Nhan-dan-the-gioi-Cong-ly-la-luong.aspx (Accessed 23 February, 2014) Joshep, J. 2011, ‘Là ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ch sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ­ chà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢c Da cam và   Dioxin à ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸ Vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t Nam’, viewed 10 February, 2014, http://www.aspeninstitute.org/vi/policy-work/agent-orange/history. ‘Make Agent Orange History 2012’, ‘Solutions for Agent Orange In Vietnam’, viewed February 20, 2014), http://makeagentorangehistory.org/agent-orange-resources/background/solutions-for-agent-orange-in-vietnam/. Martin, M.F., 2009, Vietnamese Victims of Agent Orange and U.S.-Vietnam Relations, United States Congressional Research Service, p.10, viewed 14 February, 2014 Perry, M. 2012, ‘U.S. starts its first Agent Orange cleanup in Vietnam’ [online] Available at URL: http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/09/us-vietnam-usa-agentorange-idUSBRE87803K20120809 (Accessed February 20, 2014) Vo Quy, 2009, Report in the cahier of Agent Orange, 2nd at United States House of Representatives, viewed 14 February, 2014. `

United Nations :: essays research papers

The United Nations 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As far as peace keeping methods go, the reputation of the United Nations is very pitiable. This is not only because they have not been doing their job to it’s fullest extent, but also because the member states on the security council haven’t given the UN the power it needs if it is to be a successful force in peace keeping methods. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United Nation idea was first brought to head during World War II, when 26 nations of the world pledged to work together as one. The United Nations was officially operational as of the 24th of October 1951, with a minor 51 countries signing the UN charter. A stable base was set-up in New York. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The UN structure is a very well thought-out one. The UN contains over 150 countries, with 5 main heads of state. These 5 countries are America, France, Great Britain, Russia and China. The 5 head countries always make the decision on whether to help a country that is in need or not. The basic structure is that there is a general assembly, which is the head of the UN. Off that there are 5 separately run systems, which are International court of justice, Economic and social council, Security Council, secretariat and the trainee council. All have different, yet major roles in striving to make the UN a success. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Security Council is the council in charge of the peacekeeping side of the United Nations. The Security Council contained 15 countries in 1995. The countries were Argentina, Botswana, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Honduras, Indonesia, Italy, Nigeria, Oman, Russian Federation, Rwanda, UK and the U.S. China, France, UK, U.S and Russia are all permanent heads of the council. There are over 50 countries now listed in the Security Council. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The UN can be so ineffective because they do not have the power they would like to have. The United Nations have no power under the current charter to simply waltz into a countries disputes with out any permission being granted. Both countries must invite the UN in, but the Security Council must also agree with this as well. The countries involved in the Security Council must also provide the necessary manpower quickly. This takes time and hinders the UN’s power. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Somalia – In 1992, after 23 months of Barre’s rain there was an estimated 300,000 people who died of starvation. A vanguard of UN peacekeeping forces was sent in to restore order.

Brief History of Computer by Ajiboye Daud

LITERATURE REVIEW OF COMPUTER HARDWARE Computers have evolved from the fundamental principles of mathematical calculation and language processing. The computing systems of today are an outcome of the efforts and intellect of mathematicians, logicians, linguists and technologists from all over the world. Computer history comprises the evolutionary journey of computing systems, the timeline of operating systems as well as the history behind the development of a wide variety of computer software and hardware. Bellow is the computer history in brief and the evolution of computers. How did the different types of computers evolve? Here is a brief overview of the progress of computing technology from calculators of the 18th century right up to the modern-day digital portable computers. Year| Technology Used| Before 1801| Calculators were the earliest computing devices. They were the only computation tools for long years before the creation of computers. | 1801| The years that followed were dominated by the use of punched cards for computing. The users used to submit programming assignments to a computer centre using stacks of cards. The programs used to be queued for processing and execution. | 1930 – 1960| Desktop mechanical calculators were built during the 1930s. During the 1950s and the '60s, electronic desktop calculators came up. Analog computational technologies predominated this period. | 1940 – 1960| This span of time witnessed the emergence of the digital computing technology. Zuse Z3, ENIAC and EDSAC were some of the early digital computers. * First-generation computers were based on the von Neumann architecture. * The second generation computers were characterized by the replacement of vacuum tube by bipolar transistors. They were composed of printed circuit boards. | After 1960| These years witnessed the development of the third generation computers. They were based on integrated circuits. Computer systems of this period had large storage capacities and high processing powers. Multi-core CPUs became available in the 21st century. Laptops, palmtops, handheld PCs, notebook computers and tablet PCs are popular today. Computer development still continues. | Let us now look at the history and timeline of computing systems. Before moving ahead, it will be interesting to know when was the first computer made! Year| Event| 2400 BC| Abacus, the first known calculator was invented in Babylonia. It was a major step towards the era of computing that was to follow. 500 BC| Panini, an ancient Indian Sanskrit grammarian came up with the predecessor of the modern formal language theory. | 300 BC| Pingala invented the binary number system that serves as the foundation of computing systems the world over. | 1614| John Napier designed the system of movable rods, which used algorithms to perform the basic mathematical operations. | 1622| William Oug htred invented slide rules. | 1822| Charles Babbage devised the first mechanical computer. | 1937| John V. Atanasoff devised the first digital electronic computer| 1939| Atanasoff and Clifford Berry came up with the ABC prototype. 1941| The electromechanical Z machines by Konrad Zuse proved being an important step in the evolution of computers. | 1943| Colossus, which was able to decode German messages, was designed at Bletchley Park in Britain. | 1944| Harvard Mark I, a computer with lesser programmability was designed. | 1945| John von Neumann described a stored program architecture, for the first time ever. This architecture was the heart of the computer systems developed thereafter. This architecture, which came to be known as the von Neumann architecture is a part of every computer till today. 1946| The Ballistics Research Laboratory of the United States came up with the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC). It was the first general purpose electronic computer; but had an inflexible architecture. | 1950| The US National Bureau of Standards came up with the Standards Electronic/Eastern Automatic Computer (SEAC). It was the first computer using diodes for handling logic. | 1951| Lynos Electronic Office (LEO), the first business computer was developed by John Simmons and T. Raymond Thompson. UNIVAC I, the first commercial computer was designed in the United States by John Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly. EDVAC, the electronic discrete variable automatic computer was introduced. | 1955| Bell Labs introduced its first transistor computer. Transistors made computers energy-efficient. | 1958| Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was formed. This year also witnessed the making of the first silicon chip by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce. | 1968| DEC launched the first mini computer known as PDP-8| 1969| The US Department of Defense founded the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET). It was established with intent to develop a computer network and is the predecessor of the Internet. 1971| Microcomputers came up with microprocessors and Ted Hoff at Intel, introduced 4-bit 4004. | 1972| This year witnessed the creation of 8080 microprocessors by Intel. | 1973| A minicomputer that was called Xerox Alto was developed during this year. It was an important milestone in the development of personal computers. | 1974| Researchers at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center came up with Alto, which was the first workstation with an inbuilt mouse. It had a fair amount of storage capacity and offered menus and icons. It could also connect to a network. 1975| Altair came up with the first portable computer. The foundation of the present-day relationship between portability and computing was laid way back in 1975! Tandem computers, the first computers with online transaction processing capacities were born during this period. | 1979| By 1979, more than half a million computers were in use in the United States. This number crossed 10 million by 1983. | 1981| The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) was founded. It was during the same year that the first 32-bit chip was introduced by Hewlett-Packard. | 1982| Intel announced the 80286 processor. 1983| In this year, the Time magazine nominated personal computer for the title ‘machine of the year'. | 1985| Intel introduced the 80386 processor that consists of a 16MHz processor. | 1990| The World Wide Web was born. Tim Berners-Lee, a researcher at CERN, developed HTML. He came up with specifications such as URL and HTTP. He based the World Wide Web on enquiry-based system that used hypertext and enabled people to collaborate over a network. His first web server and browser became available to the public. | Till date| The development of newer versions of computer systems continues. | An operating system is that software component of a computer system, which deals with the management of the different computer processes and the sharing of computer resources. It hosts computer applications and handles computer hardware. Take a look at the major events in the history of operating systems. Before going ahead, you might like to take a quick look at the different types of operating systems. Year| Event| 1954| MIT came up with their operating system for UNIVAC 1103. | 1964| Dartmouth timesharing operating system was developed. | 1965| Multics was announced. However, it was opened for paying customers in October 1969. 1966| DOS/360 of IBM came up. | 1969| This year witnessed the development of the Unix operating system by AT;T. | 1976| CP/M was developed during this year. | 1980| OS-9 came up in 1980. | 1981| This year can be considered fortunate to have witnessed the development of MS-DOS. IBM had hired Paul Allen and Bill Gates to create an operating system in 1980. The y used the operating system manufactured by the Seattle Computer Products as a template to develop DOS. | 1984| Macintosh operating system came up in this year. | 1987| It was during this year that MINIX, BSD2000 and OS/2 were developed. 1988| RISC iX, LynxOS and Macintosh OS (System 6) came up during this year. | 1989| This was the time when the RISC operating system was developed. | 1991| It was in 1991 that Linux came up. It is a Unix-like operating system, which is a free software. It was during this year that Minix 1. 5 was developed and Macintosh came up with System 7. | 1992| Solaris, the successor of Sun OS 4. X came up during this year. | 1993| Plan 9, FreeBSD, NetBSD and Windows NT 3. 1 came up during 1993. | 1995| OpenBSD and Microsoft Windows 95 came up during 1995 | 1996| Windows NT 4. 0 hit the computing market in 1996. | 998| 1998 witnessed the release of Windows 98 as well of Solaris 7. | 2000| Windows 2000, which hit the markets in 2000, was the first Windows server operating system to drop the ‘NT' suffixed to its name. Windows ME, which was sold during this year, was the last operating system in the Windows 9x line. Red Hat Linux 6. 2E also came up during 2000. | 2001| Windows XP was launched and soon gained a wide popularity. Windows XP 64-bit edition followed in 2002. | 2002| Windows XP Service Pack 1 was released in 2002. | 2003| 2003 witnessed the launch of the Windows 2003 Server as also the release of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3. 2004| Windows XP Service Pack 2 was released in 2004. | 2006| Windows Vista hit the markets| 2008| Windows Vista Service Pack 1 and Windows Server 2008 came up in 2008. It was also during this very year that Windows XP Service Pack 3 was released. | Computers have always been the most efficient computational devices. They have high processing powers and are able to run and execute large programs. Programming languages serve as the means to write programs on computer systems. Thus, it is important to look at the timeline of the development of some of the major programming languages. Following is an overview of the important events in the history of computer languages. Year| Programming Language Developed| Before 1950| The ENIAC coding system was primarily used in computing| 1954-54| Fortran â€Å"0† was designed by a team at IBM. Fortran Implementation was developed by John Backus at IBM in 1957. | 1956-58| John McCarthy came up with the concept of LISP. | 1959| COBOL concept came up followed by its implementation that was developed by the Codasyl Committee in 1960. The LISP implementation was developed in 1959. LISP's successor, Common LISP, came up later in 1984. 1964| IBM came up with PL/I concept. PL/M followed years later in 1972. 1964 also saw the development of BASIC by Kemeny and Kurtz. | 1969| Ken Thompson developed the B language. | 1970| This was when Pascal was developed. | 1972| It was during 1972 that Smalltalk and Prolog were developed. One of the most important events in the history of computing was the development of C language. It was de veloped by Dennis Ritchie in 1972. | 1975| Scheme, the successor of LISP came up in 1975 as also Modula, the successor of Pascal. | 1978| SQL was developed at IBM in 1978. | 1979| REXX and AWK came up in 1979. 1980-83| C with classes was developed in 1980. Objective-C came up in 1982. 1983 witnessed the development of C++, one of the very popular languages till date. | 1985| PostScript and Object Pascal belong to 1985. | 1987| Perl that derives some of its features from C, as also from AWK, sed and sh evolved in 1987. | 1991| Van Rossum came up with Python. Visual Basic, developed by Alan Cooper, came up in the same year. | 1993| Ruby, which is considered a successor of Smalltalk and Perl, came up in 1993. | 1994| PHP was born in 1994. | 1995| ColdFusion belongs to 1995. It was during this year that James Gosling at Sun Microsystems came up with Java. | 1996| Javascript was born in this year. ECMAScript, its successor came up in 1997. | 1999| XSLT, a language based on XML by the W3C and the Game Maker Language by Mark Overmars were born in 1999. | 2000| The D language and C# came up in 2000. | 2006| The development of Windows PowerShell by Microsoft was one of the significant events in computing that took place in 2006. | Looking at the speedily advancing computing technology, we can surely say that the future of computers is going to be as glorious as their history.

FAS essays

FAS essays On any given day in the United States... 10,657 babies are born. (US Census Bureau). Twenty of these babies are born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Twenty may seem as though it is not a lot, but when you compare it to the fact that this number is more than HIV positive, Muscular Dystrophy, Spina Bifida and Down Syndrome combine it creates a whole new parameter. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a direct result of a womans competed disregard for the fetus. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS, hereinafter), is a series of both mental and physical birth defects that can include, but are not limited to, mental retardation, deficiencies in growth, central nervous system dysfunction, behavioral maladjustments, and craniofacial abnormalities. It is common knowledge not to smoke or drink during pregnancy. Growth abnormalities can be significant and also includes all three of the following respects of growth: weight, length and head circumference. Most of the time the babys growth abnormalities are so severe they need to be hospitalized because of obvious failure to survive. A baby with craniofacial abnormalities can be recognized by their eyes in that they are small with exaggerated inner epicanthic folds. (Health Visitor Nov. 1981) The bridge of the nose is normally poorly developed. The ears are often large and simple in form. (Midwives Chronicle and Nursing notes) At first, when the baby is delivered, the affected infant shows signs of alcohol withdrawal; with signs that are much similar to delirium tremens in adults. They are often anxious, have a weak grasp, poor hand-to-eye coordination and consistent difficulty in feeding and sucking. People can not blame the mothers for the most part though. It is a common ignorance among the health care providers. Most health care providers are untrained and unfamiliar with substance abuse issues among pregnant women. FAS is widely misdiagnosed and or under diagnosed...

Investigative Essay Essays

Investigative Essay Essays Investigative Essay Essay Investigative Essay Essay Essay Topic: Investigative Warren T. Williams Professor Michael Briere FAS-201 Introduction to Humanities I 4 December 2013 Investigative Essay This investigative essay is a draft copy of the two selection of visual arts from the Classical and the Renaissance period. The two art works are: (1) the Cathedral of Reims an architectural work and (2) The Sculpture of Slavery in Zanzibar. Both selection represents fine art work from two different time periods. The Cathedral of Reims Cathedral of Reims, also called the Cathedral of Notre-Dame at Reims. The cathedral ocated in the city of Reims, France, on the Vesle River east-northeast of Paris. The Cathedral of Reims was the site of the coronation of French kings. It was the center of an important cathedral complex and the representation of Heavenly Jerusalem for the people of the Middle Ages. It was also the symbolic center of the Archbishops power, as Primate over the bishops of several dioceses in Northern France. Erected between 1211 and 1516, in accordance with an architectural program of immense artistic richness, the Cathedral of Reims survives as one of the most beautiful xamples of Gothic art. This unity is emphasized by the use of nearly identical window types in the aisle and clerestory stories, as well as the complementary rose windows in the west facade and central portal and those in the transepts facades. Reims is richly decorated with elegant masonry sculpture (particularly the exterior) and exceptional stained-glass windows, making it one of the artistic masterpieces of the French High Gothic period. I think the Reims Cathedral is a great architectural structure because of the many types of art work display on the exterior walls of this athedral that really draw my interest on this building an elegant designs. The Sculpture of Slavery in Zanzibar The Sculpture of the chained slaves represents the long dark history of Zanzibar. During the 18th and 19th centuries, Zanzibar also called Stone Town was one of the largest slave ports. The slavers hacked their way from Bagamoyo on the Tanzania mainland coast into the African interior, as far west as the Congo. The slavers traded, bribed chiefs, pillaged and frequently kidnapped to meet the high demand for slaves. Those who survived were put into plantations, or were sold to European and American merchants, and shipped in appalling conditions to the Americas and the Caribbean. The statues represent the fact that the slaves were chained together and forced to carry ivory to the coast. Some of the contrasts that the sculpture of the chained slaves represent the wrong doing of people who were not of the white race and represents how much profit slavery in Zanzibar was during that time period. I was drawn to the statues of the chained slaves in Zanzibar, because my family history may have African slave who was shipped to American. I want to find out more about the piece because it gave me ore sense of what happened in the 17th and 18 centuries period. I actually want to learn more about this time period, because I am working on a family history project, trying to trace back my family history. References britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/49651 5/Reims-Cathedral http:// www. reims-cathedral. culture. fr/history. html www. zanzibarpackage. com/slavery-zanzibar www. zanzibar. net Abstract (if your paper requires an Abstract) [Start abstract here] [Start typing paper here] References (if you have references) [Start typing references here]

How to Follow Up After a Job Interview

How to Follow Up After a Job Interview If you think a job interview truly ends with the firm handshake and â€Å"we’ll be in touch† at the end, think again. You still have one more crucial step: the thank you note to everyone who interviewed you. Not only is it a nice touch, it can  be seen as an essential one to the hiring manager you just left. They may be secretly testing your follow-up skills. And even if they’re not, it’s better to send a note right away (the same day!) so you don’t have to think about it again. Here is a sample thank you note you can use to craft your own.SEE ALSO:  4 Google Searches to Boost Interview SuccessPart 1: The OpenerThis part is crucial because you don’t want to be too formal or too casual. â€Å"Dear Sir or Madam† is too formal and can feel off-putting and generic to someone you just met and (ideally) clicked with. â€Å"Dear [person]† or â€Å"Hello [person]† work well as your opening greeting.Part 2: The Thank YouKeep i t simple. There’s no need to go into lines of flowery prose about how your one-hour interview changed your life and how you will never, ever forget the interviewer as long as you live. The basic declarative statement works here as your first point: â€Å"Thank you for taking the time to interview me today.†Part 3: The CallbackAfter the initial thank you, it’s good to offer some specific points from the interview itself, so your note doesn’t feel like a generic template where you just plugged in a new name at the top. â€Å"I especially enjoyed talking about the company’s perspective on clowns. I look forward to hearing more about the clown outreach program.†Part 4: The Self PlugFind a way to re-emphasize how you would be a good fit for the role. â€Å"As we discussed, due to my extensive experience with rodeos, I’m excited about the prospect of finding new and more effective ways to manage the clown performances.†Part 5: The Fu tureHere’s where you show the interviewer that you’re looking ahead to the next part, but also that you’re willing to keep a dialogue open. Definitely include that you’re looking forward to hearing from them, but also offer any additional information they may need. â€Å"If there’s any other information I can provide to help you make your decision, please don’t hesitate to let me know. I can be reached by email (firstname.lastname@respectablemailclient.com) anytime.†Part 6: The CloserAfter that, you’re on to the easiest part: the closing greeting. Don’t go flowery or personal. No â€Å"Forever yours,† or â€Å"With greatest thanks.† Just a straightforward, friendly â€Å"Best wishes,† or â€Å"Thanks again† will do. And even if you found yourself in a joking kind of banter with the interviewer, resist the urge to go overly casual. You may have hit it off, but they’re not your friends (y et)- they’re the people evaluating your professional skills and behavior.Breezy and professional are the way to go in the thank you note. It’s not the time to rehash the entire interview or go over 43 bullet points you didn’t manage to cover in person. And the most important factor of all: speed. Standard archaic dating rules don’t apply here: you don’t wait for the other person to call first, and you don’t wait three days for a reply. Write an email the same day- or even right after you leave the appointment. Again, your promptness will likely be noted, and it means you won’t have this lingering on your to-do list.If the interview was very formal or you got a formal vibe from the interviewer, consider following up with a brief thank-you card via snail mail, as well. Manners are always a welcome part of a professional package, and your awesome communication/follow-up skills could make all the difference.

Great Captains Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Great Captains - Essay Example A number of individuals from many walks of life find it quite fascinating to study war strategy over the past several thousand years and how the same strategies have been employed, despite the fact that warfare has changed dramatically overtime. Being that warfare has changed over the past one hundred fifty years, the study of captains, such as Napoleon, Ulysses Grant, and Frederick the Great are still valid for a modern military professional, as it is these three individuals who have contributed largely in shaping our civilization and making it what it is today. One reason that the study of captains, such as Napoleon, Ulysses Grant, and Frederick the Great are still valid for a modern military professional is that a military professional can learn a great deal from these individuals. For instance, from the study of these great individuals, a modern military professional can learn to be an effective leader. The modern military can study the art of war from all three of these great captains and possibly employ some of these strategies in today's modern war fair. Some may challenge that learning the strategies of these captains is useless for a modern military professional, since war fair has changed so much since these men were alive. Those supporting this argument state that the weapons during the time of these captains were not as sophisticated as they are today, and wars are fought on a much larger scale than in times past. These captains did not deal with the challenges that we do now. Though these arguments are true and valid, the reason s for engaging in war are the same as they were since the beginning of humankind, and because of this, the study of such captains is relevant, as such study helps the future leader in deciding what he should and should not do to see to it that his outcomes are successful. If these three captains have employed a particular strategy that brought them a plethora of success, then there is no problem at all making use of that same strategy today. In regards to this, Paret and Clausewitz state that the purpose of war has always stayed the same, even though we now use more sophisticated weapons. Not to mention, the tactic to attack the enemy with the utmost force, to concentrate on what allows the enemy to resist and do away with it so the enemy can resist no longer and the desire to annihilate the enemy has been the same. Furthermore, the definition of war has also stayed the same, as war is merely a way for us to force the enemy to do our will and see to it that it is carried out (Chapte r One, Book One). Another reason that the study of these great captains is valid for a modern military professional is that a great deal can be learned from their use of intelligence. On the subject of intelligence as it pertains to war, Paret and Clausewitz state that those who are savages normally fight solely motivated by passion. There is no real intelligence on their part, as they are going to do whatever it takes to destroy their enemy. On the other hand, civilized peoples actually take the time out to sit and strategize how they will attack their enemy, defeat them, and successfully conquer them, if conquering is part of the reason that the war is being fought (Chapter One, Book One). These three great captains, no doubt, took the time to intelligently strategize how they would advance upon their enemies. Surely, they did feel some passion of hatred for their enemy, hence the reason they would attack them in the first place, as one would not attack someone they

Philosophy and everyday life are fundamentally incompatible Essay

Philosophy and everyday life are fundamentally incompatible - Essay Example Sometimes, philosophy and everyday life becomes incompatible while at other times, the two become compatible; it is a matter of fortune. Philosophy and everyday life cannot be considered as fundamentally incompatible always. Philosophy takes birth from the past experiences of life. People reflect on their past experiences in order to realize their mistakes and identify ways in which they can be avoided in the future. The principles thus learned make the philosophy of life. It is said that wise people are those who learn from others’ mistakes. This education works fundamentally because the golden principles apply to all kinds of situations. â€Å"It is quite often said that, 'Philosophy and Education are two sides of the same coin'. 'Education is the dynamic side of philosophy'† (Sharma, 2012). Sometimes philosophy and everyday life becomes fundamentally incompatible because of the unpredictability of life. ... Another way in which the philosophy and life are not only fundamentally compatible but also integrally related to each other is the religious beliefs and their impact on life. â€Å"There seems to be some confusion at times over just whether and how religion and philosophy should be distinguished from each other — this confusion is not unjustified because there are some very strong similarities between the two† (Cline, 2012). The philosophy is ingrained in the religious beliefs. Every religion provides a certain set of rules and principles that its followers are obliged to follow. These rules require the individual to deal with the challenges of life with the philosophy proposed by the religion. For example, Muslims have the philosophy that whatever happens in life happens with due willingness and approval of God Almighty. â€Å"[T]he business of philosophy is nothing other than to look into creation and to ponder over it in order to be guided to the Creator -- in othe r words, to look into the meaning of existence† (Halsall, 1998). This principle extends to include every experience of life irrespective of its level of complexity and nature. Application of this philosophy helps Muslims avoid the negative influences of the challenges of life. For example, a man whose newborn baby dies does not mourn the loss to the extent that he might lose his senses because the belief that the loss occurred because of God’s willingness lends the man the patience he requires to come over the grief. Likewise, when a Muslim wins a race, he believes that he won it fundamentally because God willed it, and thus does not show off to others. These principles guide human behavior in a way that one finds a way to deal with the challenges of

Team Project Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Team Project Experience - Essay Example This role offered me an opportunity to explore and exercise my leadership skills. The role gave me a chance to take part in the project from the time the project was set up to the end. Usually, these duties begin in the second stage of the project but I got an opportunity to participate from the beginning as a member of the team that floated the first ideas for the project. Through this, I understood the project in full. The advantage that came with taking this responsibility is that as a member of the team I got the chance to participate in the project from start to finish. A holder of this position drove the project from the implementation stage to completion. My duties during project implementation included among others preparation of the project management plan that began with stage three (Chermack 2011). Risk assessment in addition to planning the mitigation aspects were my roles that I performed well during the process. These functions fell under my overall jurisdiction of lead ing the project team to achieve set objectives following through set targets at every stage. The responsibility was also enthusiastic, as I made sure that team members comprehended their assigned responsibilities. As an evaluation aspect, the manager monitored performance against the original plan. This helped in eliminating leakages and shielding the project from slipping out of the original plan. ... Good communication skills supplemented this strength. This happened in an honest and clear manner while maintaining respect among all team members. A good team player is a good listener, this aided in the effective functioning of the team (Tuckman and Jensen 1977). Coordination was product of good communication that included open and clear communication channels. I injected this personality into the team and it effectively helped the efficiency of working as a team. Among other strengths, I was flexible and this was important for a team member as the team often worked under changing conditions. Personal professional qualities Team projects run on deliverables and deadlines. Professional qualities that I brought into the team for the role-played included the element of cohesiveness that augmented the skills and other qualities possessed by other members. I acquired these skills in extra weekend classes offered at the extra mural studies centre. As a member of the team who preferred th e role of a project manager, I demonstrated leadership qualities in the team and this was crucial in underlying the essence of cohesiveness. Experience showed that the effectiveness of this quality served well for the team as members enjoyed good communication and sound conflict resolution mechanisms. As a project manager, I initiated the strength deployment inventory (SDI) that raised the need for the team to work together cohesively. It also offered opportunities for team members to draft successful working relationships (Nagarajan 2005). Through this, members of the project team learnt motivational areas of their colleagues. This knowledge enhanced the alignment of the members to the project goals. Clear understanding of project roles and awareness of skills of team

Is corporal punishment an effective discipline technique for families Essay

Is corporal punishment an effective discipline technique for families or does the evidence show it does more harm than good to cihildren discuss - Essay Example This is because the main idea behind punishment of a child is to discourage unwanted behavior immediately; corporal punishment is usually effective in achieving this goal (Holden et al., 1999). According to Gershoff 2002), the prime objective that most parents have while administering corporal punishment on to their children is to stop them from being disobedient at once. Corporate punishment is effective if and only if it is administered after a transgression and must be immediate and should not be discriminated. However, even though all these criterions are met, most of parents fail to achieve the desired results from the child, hence in the end; corporal punishment tends to lose meaning and purpose. The common ground and goal, which is to ensure that the child gets meaning from the punishment, fails (Larzelere, 2000). Corporal punishment has failed to allow children to develop moral internalizations on their own, since instead of promoting better social behavior corporal punishment hinders this attribute. This is because even though corporal punishment achieves this in the short term, the moral internalization of a child is affected (Gerdshoff, 2002). They further state that, the long-term socialization goal for a child development is to take behavior and attitude as their own internal development, and not be driven by anticipation of external consequences such as from corporal punishment. Clearly, a child needs to be given room and space to develop mentally and make judgment calls for their actions, without being driven by consequences of corporal punishments (Afifi, 2012). Moreover, corporal punishment has the impetus of encouraging antisocial and aggressive behaviors among children in the end. This is true since the administration of this form of punishment negatively affects parent child relation. According to the attribution and social control theory posed by Burt et al. in Gershoff (2002), corporal

Organizational Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organizational Issues - Essay Example This film features the manner in which many institution of learning handle the students with potential in athletics. The film also shows the failure of these institutions with regard to preparing of these students who are on various scholarships. This has made the students to be less responsive to the external environment after completion of studies. In this context social pressure means an external initiative by a particular sect aimed at influencing business operations to conform to its intentions. This culminates in misleading of the organizations given that they are compelled to pursue weird goals. The major sours of external pressures in organizations are highlighted in this film. These include activists, the government and the society. Institutions of learning are perfect example of organizations with the highest influence of external social influence. In this regard, it is incumbent upon these institutions to inculcate the students with proper skills, which will enable them to fit in the job market especially after graduations. Unfortunately, some institutions fail to consider the skill requirements of all eth students. In this regard, students with athletics talent are ignored, which leads to thwarting of their dreams of becoming champions in the athletic realm. This also slows the adoption of this group of students to the external environment of athletics after completion of The role of external social pressure in influencing of organizational ethics is great. In this regard, the institutions of learning are socially bound to perform to the expectation of the community and the government. Good performance is a good gesture and it is usually in response to the implied external social pressure from the community and the state. The community will require the institutions to perform well in order to provide the best candidates in

North by Northwest Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

North by Northwest - Movie Review Example The purpose of this paper is to analyze Hitchcock’s movie North by Northwest. This will be done by providing the plot and summary of the movie. The paper will later look into the use of cinematography, mines-en -scene and editing to bring out the thoughts and fillings of the main character Thornhill. The paper later provides a concluding paragraph on the contents of the paper in relation to the theses. Plot summary The movie begins when two gangsters mistakenly kidnap the wrong man. This is a result of Thornhill being in the wrong place at the right time. The man kidnapped is an advertising agent who is new to this world. He is wrongfully accused of being an American spy responsible for the death of a Russian secret service agent. Based on the time when the cold war had taken center stage, the movie addresses the activities that occur between the two sides of the war. Thornhill is thereby, forced to defend himself by proving his real identity. For him to achieve this, he must change his identity in order to protect himself. The movie is defined by the use of adventure, comedy and most of all suspense. Aided by his accomplice Eve Kendall, they set to find out the identity of the actual spy so that they can go back to their normal lives. In their quest to do so, they are met with many challenges making them take refuge in different locations of the country. Use of cinematography Cinematography makes up for most of the features of an entire movie. It comprises of the use of the camera, photography, shooting and picture making. The camera is one of the most essential devices in the making of a film. It is used to emphasize the angles that the director views as the most critical parts of the film. The movie generally does not portray a lot of the use of the camera. One of the pivotal scenes where the camera is used is during the end of the film where Roger Thornhill and Eve Kendall’s lives are in danger. The director shows Thornhill look for a way out by first glancing to the left, right and then back to the left as Eve Kendall is clutching on to him for dear life. This brings out his desperation in that he has few options to choose from. All he can picture is his whole life flash before him. The use of shadows across the faces of Mount Rushmore brings out the intensity of the scene. The sniper who shoots their attacker miraculously saves them. The camera is pointed towards the attacker who is situated on the floor and, later tilted towards the direction of the sniper. This scene also displays the use of twists to maximize on the suspense of the movie. Mines-en -scene Mines-en-scene is the display of the view, picture and the location of a movie in general. The movie utilizes this factor significantly in that it is set in different parts of the country. Thornhill eventually runs for his life and take refuge in several parts of the country. Hitchcock achieved this by shooting scenes in pivotal places such as Mount Rushmore that is known for the presidential faces during the end of the movie. This is where he redeems himself by becoming a hero in a turn of events. Another area where the director displays mines-en-scene is in the United Nations building located in New York. The use of a hidden camera was enabled so as to view the entrance of Thornhill as he climbs the stairs. What sets this movie apart from the rest of

Is corporal punishment an effective discipline technique for families Essay

Is corporal punishment an effective discipline technique for families or does the evidence show it does more harm than good to cihildren discuss - Essay Example This is because the main idea behind punishment of a child is to discourage unwanted behavior immediately; corporal punishment is usually effective in achieving this goal (Holden et al., 1999). According to Gershoff 2002), the prime objective that most parents have while administering corporal punishment on to their children is to stop them from being disobedient at once. Corporate punishment is effective if and only if it is administered after a transgression and must be immediate and should not be discriminated. However, even though all these criterions are met, most of parents fail to achieve the desired results from the child, hence in the end; corporal punishment tends to lose meaning and purpose. The common ground and goal, which is to ensure that the child gets meaning from the punishment, fails (Larzelere, 2000). Corporal punishment has failed to allow children to develop moral internalizations on their own, since instead of promoting better social behavior corporal punishment hinders this attribute. This is because even though corporal punishment achieves this in the short term, the moral internalization of a child is affected (Gerdshoff, 2002). They further state that, the long-term socialization goal for a child development is to take behavior and attitude as their own internal development, and not be driven by anticipation of external consequences such as from corporal punishment. Clearly, a child needs to be given room and space to develop mentally and make judgment calls for their actions, without being driven by consequences of corporal punishments (Afifi, 2012). Moreover, corporal punishment has the impetus of encouraging antisocial and aggressive behaviors among children in the end. This is true since the administration of this form of punishment negatively affects parent child relation. According to the attribution and social control theory posed by Burt et al. in Gershoff (2002), corporal

North by Northwest Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

North by Northwest - Movie Review Example The purpose of this paper is to analyze Hitchcock’s movie North by Northwest. This will be done by providing the plot and summary of the movie. The paper will later look into the use of cinematography, mines-en -scene and editing to bring out the thoughts and fillings of the main character Thornhill. The paper later provides a concluding paragraph on the contents of the paper in relation to the theses. Plot summary The movie begins when two gangsters mistakenly kidnap the wrong man. This is a result of Thornhill being in the wrong place at the right time. The man kidnapped is an advertising agent who is new to this world. He is wrongfully accused of being an American spy responsible for the death of a Russian secret service agent. Based on the time when the cold war had taken center stage, the movie addresses the activities that occur between the two sides of the war. Thornhill is thereby, forced to defend himself by proving his real identity. For him to achieve this, he must change his identity in order to protect himself. The movie is defined by the use of adventure, comedy and most of all suspense. Aided by his accomplice Eve Kendall, they set to find out the identity of the actual spy so that they can go back to their normal lives. In their quest to do so, they are met with many challenges making them take refuge in different locations of the country. Use of cinematography Cinematography makes up for most of the features of an entire movie. It comprises of the use of the camera, photography, shooting and picture making. The camera is one of the most essential devices in the making of a film. It is used to emphasize the angles that the director views as the most critical parts of the film. The movie generally does not portray a lot of the use of the camera. One of the pivotal scenes where the camera is used is during the end of the film where Roger Thornhill and Eve Kendall’s lives are in danger. The director shows Thornhill look for a way out by first glancing to the left, right and then back to the left as Eve Kendall is clutching on to him for dear life. This brings out his desperation in that he has few options to choose from. All he can picture is his whole life flash before him. The use of shadows across the faces of Mount Rushmore brings out the intensity of the scene. The sniper who shoots their attacker miraculously saves them. The camera is pointed towards the attacker who is situated on the floor and, later tilted towards the direction of the sniper. This scene also displays the use of twists to maximize on the suspense of the movie. Mines-en -scene Mines-en-scene is the display of the view, picture and the location of a movie in general. The movie utilizes this factor significantly in that it is set in different parts of the country. Thornhill eventually runs for his life and take refuge in several parts of the country. Hitchcock achieved this by shooting scenes in pivotal places such as Mount Rushmore that is known for the presidential faces during the end of the movie. This is where he redeems himself by becoming a hero in a turn of events. Another area where the director displays mines-en-scene is in the United Nations building located in New York. The use of a hidden camera was enabled so as to view the entrance of Thornhill as he climbs the stairs. What sets this movie apart from the rest of

I Love to Travel Essay Example for Free

I Love to Travel Essay Ive decided I want to travel. I mean Ive always wanted to, but now Im going to start planning it. I think once I finish University Im going to take a year off, and travel the world. Visit different countries, move from town to town, live and experience different cultures. Im not going to go straight into work after Uni.. I want to live my life. I mean Im ready to leave this country right now, get away from everyone and just learn to be independant and travel but I have priorites at the moment, and for the next few years. And while it seems like a while away, a few years will pass quickly and I will be on my way to living in Paris for a while in a cute little apartment with the Eiffel Tower at your windows view, the busy streets of New York.. the sunshine of LA.. Ill be dancing with the Spanish, learning the local life of Greece, seeing beautiful places and monuments in Italy and learning the life of Tuscany.. When you live in one country your entire life, you learn to think its all thats out there.. his little world of yours. But its not. Once you come to realise theres a whole world out there left to explore, something inside of you just craves it.. craves knowing and understanding and learning and seeing.. I want to see the world, before I work and settle down and do whatever.. And I dont care if Im on my own. The years of my 20s will be finding myself. Establishing myself. Making the most of discovering who I am and the world out there.

Nouns: Functions, Meaning of and How to Use

Nouns: Functions, Meaning of and How to Use The Noun Phrase What does a noun phrase mean? Noun phrase is a word that comes from two words, the first one is noun and the second one is phrase. The Meaning of Noun Noun is a word that used to call a persons, animals, things, places, and ideas. For example, Persons : Jimmy, Susan, Peter, John, Angelo, Michael, etc. Animal s: bird, elephant, tiger, snake, whale, etc. Things : car, building, table, pen, etc. Places : airport, opera house, museum, Eifel tower, etc. There are many different types of nouns: common noun, proper noun, abstract noun, concrete noun, countable noun, mass noun, and collective noun. Types of Nouns 1. Common Noun is a noun in general referring to person, animal, place, or thing. For example: man, boy, monkey, bank, gun, and television. A young man walks along the road. A monkey likes to eat banana. Sally work in a bank. A policeman sees a gun near the river. The children want to watch a television. 2. Proper Noun is a noun of specific person, place or thing. Example: Tom, Haiti, China, Monday, or December. Tom is a soldier. There were many people death in Haiti last month. The panda are from China. They will do to the sea in December. The sun is the center of solar system. 3. Abstract Noun is a noun which we cannot perceive by senses. For example: thought, beauty, wisdom, friendship. Nobody can read our thought. The young girls always talk about her beauty. The friendship between friends is very important. 4. Concrete Noun is a noun which is opposite of abstract noun. We can perceive by senses: sight, touch, taste, hearing and smell. 5. Countable Noun is a noun which we can count. We can use in singular and plural form. For example: pen pens, car cars, year years. A student wants to buy the new pens. Her mother go to see a new car. 6. Mass Noun or uncountable noun is a noun which we cannot count and it does not have plural form. For example: water, milk, gas, oxygen, furniture. Water is good for health. The children must drink milk for their growth. Human needs oxygen for life. We want to see the new furniture for our new house. 7. Collective Noun is a noun of grouping things, persons or animals. For example: committee, flock, class. The committee meets every Tuesday. The flock of sheep are in the pasture. The class will start at nine thirty. The grammatical functions of noun in a sentence can be subject, subject complement, direct object, indirect object, object complement, appositive noun. Functions of Nouns Nouns can be the subject in a sentence which do an action with a verb. Example: Jimmy wants to go Thailand. A bus stops in front of the school. Nouns can be object in a sentence, both direct object and indirect object. Example: Direct object Tommy washes his car every month. My mother buys some fruits from the market. A naughty boy hits a small dog. Example: Indirect object I gave Michael the camera. My friend sent me some parcels. Nouns can be object of preposition. Example: I saw my old friend at the museum. Museum is the object of preposition at. He drove his car to the office. Office is the object of preposition to. Nouns can be subjective complement. Example: The fried chicken are delicious. The fried chicken taste delicious. Nouns can be objective complement. Example: We find the fried chicken delicious. Nouns can be appositive noun. It means that appositive is a noun placed near another noun. Example: My brother, John is in town for the reunion. The movie, Avatar won the best motion picture in 2010. The Meaning of Phrase Phrase is a group of words function as a single unit in the syntax of sentence or a group of grammatical connected words within a sentence. There are many types of phrase. They are noun phrase, verb phrase, adverbial phrase, adjective phrase, participle phrase, prepositional phrase, absolute phrase, infinitive phrase and gerund phrase. The Meaning of Noun Phrase Noun phrase is a group of words in a sentence which together behave as a noun in a sentence, for example: the night train, the man in black. Noun phrase also consists of pronoun or noun with any associated modifiers, including adjectives, adjective phrases, adjective clauses and other nouns in the possessive case. Noun phrase can be like noun as subject, object of verb, subject or object complement, or object of preposition. For example: subject: Small boys often insist that they can do it by themselves. object of verb: To read quickly is Eugenes goal. subject complement: Frankenstein is a name of the scientist not the ghost. object complement: She considers panda is her favorite animal. Noun phrase can be analyzed into both functional constituents and formal constituents. From the functional point of view, the noun phrase has four components. The determinative, that constituent which determines the reference of noun phrase in its situation context. Pre-modification, which comprises all the modifying or describing constituents before the head. The head, around which the other constituents cluster. Post-modification, those which comprise all the modifying constituents placed after the head. Heather Marie Kosur said that there are five grammatical forms can perform the grammatical function of noun phrase modifier in English language. (Heather Marie Kosur:2009) The five grammatical forms that can functions as nouns phrase are nouns phrases, adjective phrases, preposition phrase, verb phrase and relative clauses. Noun phrase can make use of the apposition structure. It means that the elements in the noun phrase are not in head-modifier relationship but in a relation of equality. The head of noun phrase can be implied. The implied noun phrase is most commonly used as a generic plural referring to human being. (Arnold Zwicky: 2008) Noun phrase also can be headed by elements others than nouns, pronouns or determiners which has given rise to the postulation of a determiner phrase instead of a noun phrase. Some purposes, noun phrase can be treated as single grammatical units. It is most noticeable in syntax of English genitive case. Noun phrase are prototypically used for acts of reference. Not often, noun phrase is used for predication. And noun phrases are used for identifications. The possible for a noun phrase to play the role of subject and predicate lads to the constructions of syllogisms. How to use Noun Phrase in my classroom? For my teaching in a primary school, it is very difficult for the students to learn more about noun, types of nouns and functions of nouns. The students cannot remember all of them. Sometimes they do not know what different between each words in a sentence. I have many steps of my teaching about nouns to make my students understand and remember easily. First of all, teach the students pronounce the words correctly by repeating again and again. When they can pronounce the words they also know and understand the meaning of the words too. Second, let the students practice how to spell the words by writing or dictation. After that teach them use the words write the sentences. The sentences they write must not be the complex sentences but they are easy or simple sentences. Next, I always teach my students about countable nouns and uncountable nouns in order to let them know how to use the articles: a, and, the, or the different determiners. Then tell them about singular or plural words, I also explain them how to use verbs with each singular nouns or plural nouns when they write the sentences, too. It is very difficult to make the students understand and remember how to use the articles relate with singular nouns and plural nouns and also with verbs. For example: The children go to school. Some of the students understand that children is singular noun so they write a wrong sentence as The children goes to school. but some of them know that it is plural noun so they write a sentence correctly. During teaching how to use the article with nouns, I also teach the students about the proper nouns because I want them to know and use the correct article the with the proper nouns. Not all of the proper nouns can use with article the but some of them can use article and some cannot. Sometimes the students forget what is proper noun or common noun so I try to let them practice the words as many ways as I can. The ways I teach my students how to practice the words are using activities, games, worksheet and also assignments. The next step is teaching the students know how to use nouns with the other types of words especially with the adjective. It is very difficult to explain to the students to understand how to use adjectives with nouns. The adjectives always go before nouns and also describe or identify the nouns. But for my students they always forget how to place the adjectives. They sometimes put the adjectives after the nouns. Sometimes they do not know what word is adjective or not so they often use the wrong word. The way to solve this problem is try to train the students practice by giving them many exercises such as the exercise about noun phrase which use adjective, for example: the red car, a big green tree, etc. It is very difficult to explain the rules of nouns phrases for the students to understand clearly all of the nouns phrases or how to know what nouns phrases are. Normally for Thai students, they are easy to forget the rules of language because they do not use foreign language in their daily life but only in the English class or do the examination or have the competition that they must use English or other language. So they do not attend to study or remember foreign language like English. The important thing for the students is how to remember the words so they must like to speak, read and write the words or sentences and sometimes sing the songs. They just do that every day like their routine not only in the English period they learn but they can do in the free time. In my opinion, the last thing that the English teacher must do is how to make the students feel good or comfortable with the good atmosphere in learning English and love to learn English with their pleasure and have happiness, too. References Arnold Zwicky. Starting out on the wrong foot. Language Log. http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=75. Retrieved 2008-11-01. Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary. Heather Macfadyen. University of Ottawa Canada University. www.aets.uottawa.ca Heather Marie Kosur. The grammatical Noun Phrase Modifier in English. 2009 Term: Noun Phrases. UsingEnglish.com http://www.usingenglish.com/grossary/noun-phrase.html. Retrieved 2008-11-01. The American HeritageÂÂ ® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy. Third Edition. Copyright ÂÂ © 2005 by Houghton Miffin Company. All right reserved. http://www.brighthub.com/education/language/articles/32754. http://ict.moph.go.th/English/content/noun01.htm http://www.iscribe.org/english/noun.html http://www.towson.edu/ows/noun.htm

College Admissions Essay: The Need for a Higher Power in Politics :: College Admissions Essays

A president cheats on his wife, then lies about it. A speaker of the House makes thousands of dollars in an illegal book deal. Both political parties are caught trying to sneak campaign contributions under the table... Every time we open the morning paper, another scandal has been exposed, another political savior has fallen to earth, another mess has to be mopped up. With each exposé, the state of American politics seems to have sunk to an all-new low. Yet somehow we always remain optimistic. Each time another leader's misdeed is unearthed, we sigh, punish the offending politician, and hope for the best, believing that his behavior will be an anomaly, and that our system will march onward. But if these ethical lapses are simply apparitions, just blips on our collective moral radar screen, why do they occur with such regularity? Shouldn't the country be able to discover leaders immune to such failures? Instead, those placed in power repeat the errors of their predecessors, sometimes in even more serious ways. We seem to have a knack for choosing new leaders with the same fatal flaws as the old ones. Are these leaders being corrupted by a morally bankrupt system, or is the pool of candidates for public service so shallow that all we can find are bottom feeders? The answer to all these questions is quite simple yet, at the same time, difficult for many to accept. For the root of the problem is this: Political leaders, like all men, have a basic propensity towards evil. In theological circles, this concept is known as "inherent sin nature," but it doesn't matter how you put it - men are basically selfish, greedy, lecherous, nasty little fellows. This corrupt personality is nothing new. It was well diagnosed long ago by no less a mind than that of Plato. "How charming people are!" he wrote in his Republic, "Always doctoring, increasing and complicating their disorders, fancying they will be cured by some nostrum which somebody advises them to try, never getting better, but always growing worse. ... Are they not as good as a play, trying their hand at legislation, and imagining that by reforms they will make an end to the dishonesties and rascalities of mankind - not knowing that in reality they are cutting away at the head of a hydra?" Power, then, does not create man's nasty character.

Identify Marks and Spencers market position and determine why they nearly collapsed :: essays research papers

Identify Marks and Spencers market position and determine why they nearly collapsed Introduction Marks & Spencer is one of the UK's foremost retailers of clothing, foods, homeware and financial services, boasting a weekly customer base of 10 million in over 300 UK stores. Marks & Spencer operate in 30 countries worldwide, and has a group turnover in excess of  £8 billion. It has specific values, missions and visions. It’s main vision is ‘to be the standard against which all others are measured’, it’s main mission is ‘to make aspirational quality accessible to all’, and it’s main values are quality, service, innovation and trust. (www.marksandspencer.co.uk). By the end of 1998 though, there was evidence of a crisis occurring. Customers and media pulled together to assist senior management partake in an internal audit to identify the problems and see if they could come to a solution. The purpose of this assignment is to construct a SWOT analysis, highlighting each of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that were highlighted in the internal audit. The SWOT analysis is contained within the marketing plan and is the third step in the marketing planning process, coming after the Marketing audit and before any assumptions. (Joisce, Ted (2002), Marketing Planning Lecture Notes – 14/10/02, Mission, Objectives, Strategy, Tactics) Conclusions will be drawn from the SWOT analysis, which will attempt to review the company’s position and identify the marketing priorities. Also, Marks & Spencer’s recent marketing activities will be critically analysed in order to ascertain what improvements have been made since 1998. This assignment will attempt to determine why Marks & Spencer nearly collapsed and what they have achieved in terms of success and failure as part of their recovery programme. Strategic wear-out occurs when an organisation no longer meets customer needs and the pursued strategy is surpassed by competitors. (Drummond and Ensor, Strategic Marketing Management, p. 149, Butterworth Heinemann) Marks & Spencer is a perfect example of a company that had a successful strategy but failed to adapt to the changing environment and have therefore suffered from ‘strategic wear-out.’ Evidence to support this quote comes in the form of Marks and Spencer sending very little on marketing communications and being overtaken by their competitors, but this will be explained later in the assignment. As Figure 2 shows, strategic wear-out refers to the lack of fit between an organizations strategy and the needs of the marketplace. This was clearly evident with Marks and Spencer when they became complacent about their customer service standards and thought their customers understood what Marks and Spencer stood for without marketing when all along they didn’t.

Huxley vs. Orwell

Both authors describe a society the t is futuristic, however, they both have descriptions that mirror our world today. Huxley created a world where people were trained to love certain things. Huxley feared that there would be no reason to ban a book because there would be no one interested in reading books. In the book Brave New World, people weren't raised by their parents, in fact they didn't even have parents. Babies were made in a factory where they would take one egg and split it however many times they wanted to.They coo old make up to nineteen identical twins from just one egg. The story started out with a gar pup of dents receiving a tour of the London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre fro m a man literally named The Director. â€Å"The Director started by explaining the process b y which the humans were grown inside bottles and then conditioned (brainwashed)† to be live certain â€Å"morals†(Shampoo). English Com 121 In short, what Huxley feared that the future of our government and that the government would give us so information that we would become passive and egotistical.He feared that the truth would be â€Å"drowned in a sea of e). Huxley also was concerned that â€Å"we would become a trivial culture preoccupied with mom equivalent of the fillies, the orgy porgy and the centrifugal bumblebee's'(professorship). I believe what Huxley was saying in that last statement is that he fears that our society will become irrelevant and what we love with be the end of us (Zeroed). Understand his fears and if he could see what our culture is like today I believe that he would be spinning in his grave. 984 is opposite of Brave New World but still follows the dyspepsia like theme. George Orwell wrote 1 984 after some experiences with Nazi and Stalinist stats sees. His book is about government oppression and his worries of how the future would turn out. The world he created was terrifying where wars were fought constantly for no 10th err reason b ut to create shortages of people, terror, and uniformity. The main goal of the go Vermont was to control everyone's thoughts completely.The main character of the story WA s named Winston Smith who is still able to think for himself despite the constant prop agenda and monitoring of everything in his life. Winston Smith lives in Oceania, one of the three countries that split up the entire globe; the other two were Eurasia and East IA. All three countries were lead by Big Brother which was the government in 1984. Big BRB other is always watching and they try to control everyone?s thoughts. In short, Winston n was disgusted by the culture he lives in and decided to keep a diary.He also fell in love with a woman named Julia who is also a rebel; to fall in love someone was a crime(S pa remotes). Orwell feared the people that banned books considering the time period he lie Veda in. He also feared those who would â€Å"deprive us of information and keep the truth h concealed from us†(Zeroed). Orwell worried that we would become a â€Å"captive culture e and controlled by having pain inflicted upon us†(Professorship). Most of all, Row ell feared that our ruin would come because what of we hate; that we would all die of w AR and government oppression (Professorship).There is a lot of debate in literary circles about both of these authors and who right, and more importantly who most accurately describes the current society y we live in. While both authors make very valid points as well as amazing descriptions, the ere are some clear differences. In my research I found a statement by one oftener many fan s that it sums up the similarities and differences of both authors. L believe they're both right, but if you have to choose, then Huxley is the clear winner.If you presume that society runs in circles, slowly stereotyping, like a malfunctioning rocket doing loops as it heads higher in the sky, then Orwell m rely described a single loop of the rocket. On the other hand, Huxley described n tot only his own loop, but what would happen when the rocket ran out of fuel. To put it another way, I believe Orwell correctly described the acts of many government TTS at the time and Huxley correctly described contemporary and future government s† (Macho Man).

The Effects of Tourism in Menorca

1. Reasons why Menorca is a popular destination from the UK, Germany and Scandinavia: * With rising amounts of disposable income, tourists can afford to travel further on their holidays. This has also led to the demise of such British holiday resorts such as Brighton, Blackpool and Cornwall. * Also, the diminishing costs of flying due to budget airlines providing charter flights and the construction of a new airport with a longer runway coupled with the reduced time of flying to Menorca due to advances in Jet aircraft and the smoothness of arranging a holiday through Package holidays mean that flying to Menorca is less strenuous, more hassle-free and accessible than in the past. * The climate is more tropical because it is further south than the UK, Germany and Scandinavia. Also, due to the island's small size, no residency will be far from the beach. 2. The attractions for tourists as illustrated by figures 3.40 and 3.41: In Figure 3.40: * The white sand and clear blue sea- the coast. In combination with the climate, attractive for tourists that enjoy beach holidays. * The scenery – Menorca has a lot of forestry. It is much greener and lush than its Balearics. * Development one the sea front- means that there are hotels right on the seafront that allows excellent access for tourists that want a beach holiday. * A promenade along the coastline- means that tourists that wish to walk along the coast without walking along a beach full of people. By being on the edge of the forest, it encourages people to take an interest in the environment and allows people who want ‘quiet recreation' to pursue their desired activities. Figure 3.41 * The harbour is an attraction for tourists. * The open-air cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ by the water provides a relaxing stop for the tourists. * The boats indicate that water ports are an appealing past time for holidaymakers. 3. The jobs that will have been created by the tourists will be: * Craft and retail industries will have increased custom due to increased population. * Services industries eg. Food production, builders, restaurants, cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s, hotels, taxi drivers/car hire * Airports will produce jobs for local communities * Civic services will employ more people to sweep towns etc. 4. When tourists bring money to Menorca, parts of the income proceed through taxes to the government, who spend some of the money on public services (eg. Better roads, hospitals, redeveloping downmarket areas etc.) This money then encourages more people to come to the country that brings even more money in through taxes that can be spent on public services. This is repeated over and over. 5. Menorca attracts few tourists during November-April due to two things: i. The climate. During the winter months, the temperature is rarely above 15OC. Also, the monthly rainfall for the 6 winter months averages at 5.5 mm. This is compares with an average temperature of 27OC during the peak summer season – June, July and August. In these three months, the average rainfall is 1.3 mm. The less attractive climate during the 6 winter months means that holidaymakers going for ‘sun and sand' will be more likely to go during the three summer months (June, July and August) than during the winter months. ii. The other reason is that most families go on holiday in summer due to school holidays and booked absences from work. This also ties in with part I). Holidays in the summer are more convenient from an organisation view, and provide the best weather. 6. The problems caused by the influx of tourists to the island are: iii. The lack of income during the winter due to the decrease in tourism. iv. The local environment. The tourists will leave more litter, lead to an increase of pollution due to the industrial expansion that is needed to provide a good service to the tourists. The tourists will also damage things such as the woodland, and the animals to which the woodland is their habitat by trekking through the greenery. Also, room is needed to expand the countries' infrastructure, which could well lead to deforestation. v. The cultures of the local Menorcans will be diluted by the import of foreign cultures. Eg. Cuisine, language, currency, music and manners. 7. The disadvantages and advantages of the use of the local language, Minorqui are: Advantages: The preservation of the local culture, and to make sure that the local population do not get too disillusioned with the measures taken concerning local tourism Disadvantages: Is not helpful to tourists, who could find it hard to understand the happenings in Menorca. This could a factor that prevents tourists going to Menorca repeatedly, lessening sustainable tourism. Also, they may collect less revenue from advertising due to the lessened interest from companies trying to influence a foreign audience, who will not understand them. 8. To protect the environment, the Menorcan officials are: * Prevent buildings 250m from the coast can be no more than two storeys high. * A bridle path around the coast to encourage quiet recreation has been set up. * The UN have designated Menorca a Biosphere Reserve to acknowledge the natural environment of Menorca.

Accounting Theory and Development Essay Example for Free

Accounting Theory and Development Essay ? The methodology is often be â€Å"going from the general to the specific† as the research must develop a logical structure for accomplishing the objective then, which based on the definition and assumptions. The validity of any theory developed through this process is highly dependent upon the ability of the researcher to correctly identify and relate the various components of the accounting process in a logical manner. Induction is a method of reasoning by which a general law or principle is inferred from observed particular instances. Inductive approach emphasis making observations and drawing conclusions from it and is often be â€Å" going from specific to general, because the research generalizes about the universe on the basis of limited observations of specific situations. The inductivist is to draw theoretical and abstract conclusion from rationalizations of accounting practice. Applied to the accounting, the inductive approach begins with observations about the financial information of business enterprises and proceeds to construct generalizations and principles of accounting from those observations on the basis of recurring relationship. Reading 1. 2 – Accounting theory and development Accounting Theory Construction with Inductive and deductive approach Normative theory vs. Positive theory Normative theory attempts to justify what ought to be, rather than what is. The major criticism of normative theories is that they are based on value judgments. Positive (Descriptive) theories attempt to find relationships that actually exist. Deductive systems are normative and inductive systems attempt to be descriptive. The deductive method is basically a closed, non-empirical system. Theory verification Theory verification or validation is an integral part of theory construction. According to Popper, the testing of deductive theories could be carried out along four lines. There is the testing of the theory by way of empirical applications of conclusion, which can be derived from. This step is necessary to determine how the theory stands up to the demand of practice. If its predictions are acceptable, the theory is said to be verified otherwise, the theory is said to be falsified. Aspects of theories, their construction and verification Figure 2 Distinguishing features Accounting Theory and Development. (2018, Nov 13).

Accounting Assumptions, Principles and Constrains Essay

Accounting Assumptions, Principles and Constrains - Essay Example n that assumes that the economic entity has a significant past and future for purposes of recording costs of assets and inventory and decision making based on those costs in the present. Additionally, there are the Monetary Unit assumptions that keeps score with money, but it typically ignores inflation and deflation of currencies; the value and unit of currency are understood to be firm; otherwise, there is transaction with global divisions that uses other currencies besides the U.S. Dollar. Finally there is an accounting Periods assumption that assumes that the periodical accounting periods is applicable and accountants can stop to analyze financial statements. Historical Costs (assets and liabilities) characteristically report on the chronological cost and then adjusted to fair market value when the needs of reporting require it. However, the cost of assets went up some years thereby did not reflect what it is worth to other buyers or the cost of replacement. (Riahi-Belkaoui, 2005).   Revenue Recognition is the recording of revenues when they are realized and earned. (Pratt, J. 2011). This is one of challenge that accrual-based accounting is trying to solve. Notably, receiving cash from a sales order doesn’t mean that everything has to earn the revenue especially when they are shipped. In other words, it is sometimes possible to sell goods or services without receiving cash. Therefore, Matching Expenses to Revenues means matching fixed cost of the revenues or recording profit in the income statement based on the best profit on revenues and expenses. This often leads to Full Disclosure where accountants record and report every bit of information in the numbers and footnotes of financial statements that fairly represent the activities of the business entity in that accounting period. This procedure is perfect; however, for decision-making it is expected to leave out or add things that are relevant to the decision being made. In most cases, Cost and Benefit is

Swift's Gulliver's Travels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Swift's Gulliver's Travels - Essay Example he most powerful nation in the world at that time was held a prisoner by only 6inches tall Lilliputians by which Swift aims to explain why English people should consider the pride of their own country and reassess if the colonies controlled by them could get powerful enough one day to overthrow the English kingdom. At the time Gulliver’s Travels was written, search for new lands to control thrived in England and in this process the English people used to come across many new civilizations, an example of which is given in the travels by Swift in the form of Lilliputians. This voyage to Lilliput can also be seen as a conflict between opposing ideas and characters through which Swift wants to explain the obstacles experienced by the English at that time when meeting new people in their lands. According to another idea, â€Å"the effect of reducing the scale of life in Lilliput is to strip human affairs of their self-imposed grandeur† (Eddy, cited in Galloway, 1994). In contrast to Lilliput, everything about Brobdingnag appears to be gigantic and much more powerful than Gulliver himself. He realizes that even the grass is about 20ft tall there and each step taken by the giants who live there is about 10yards long in contrast to Lilliputians. Overcome by despair and fright, he begins to think of himself as a Lilliputian would if surrounded by normal humans. There too, Gulliver is taken to the court where he is bought by the queen. Later he shares his views about English politics with the king which appear humorous to him and make him remark that English people are well below the Brobdingnagians in context of wisdom and power. The king dismisses the English people as members of a low society through which Swift aims to explain the general ignorance of other nations in the world at that time which refused to embrace modernity. The trip to this island called Brobdingnag helps Gulliver to meet very big people after meeting very small people in Lillip ut. This stark change